Cancer / Oncology

Overview of Cancer / Oncology

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Oncology is the medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of cancer. Cancer care may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, hormone therapy or a combination of treatments, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

A multidisciplinary oncology team works together to develop an individualized treatment plan based on the patient's diagnosis, overall health, cancer stage and treatment goals.

Breast Cancer Treatment

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Breast cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease and may include breast-conserving surgery, mastectomy, lymph-node surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Treatment is planned according to the individual patient's diagnosis and may involve several oncology specialists working together.

Lung Cancer Treatment

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Lung cancer treatment is determined by the type of lung cancer, stage of disease and the patient's overall health. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Some patients may undergo minimally invasive or open surgical procedures when surgery is appropriate.

Colorectal Cancer Treatment

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Colorectal cancer treatment may involve removal of the cancerous portion of the colon or rectum, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and other systemic treatments depending on the location and stage of the cancer.

Surgical treatment may be performed using open, laparoscopic or robotic techniques when appropriate.

Gastrointestinal Cancer Treatment

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Gastrointestinal cancers can affect organs including the stomach, oesophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon and rectum. Treatment depends on the specific cancer, its location and stage.

Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

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Head and neck cancers can involve areas such as the mouth, throat, larynx, salivary glands and other structures. Treatment is based on the site and stage of the cancer.

Depending on the patient's condition, treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Gynaecological Cancer Treatment

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Gynaecological cancers include cancers affecting organs such as the uterus, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs.

Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

Prostate Cancer Treatment

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Prostate cancer treatment depends on factors including the stage and characteristics of the cancer, the patient's age and overall health.

Treatment options may include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and other systemic treatments when clinically appropriate.

Blood Cancer Treatment

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Blood cancers include conditions such as leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Treatment varies according to the specific disease and its characteristics.

Treatment may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, stem-cell transplantation or other specialised approaches.

Other Cancer Treatments

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Depending on the type and stage of cancer, patients may receive one or more forms of systemic or local treatment.

  • Chemotherapy: Uses medicines to destroy or control cancer cells.
  • Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy radiation to target cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Helps the immune system recognise and respond to cancer cells.
  • Targeted Therapy: Uses medicines designed to act on specific characteristics of cancer cells.
  • Hormone Therapy: Used for cancers that depend on certain hormones for growth.
  • Cancer Surgery: Removes a tumour or cancerous tissue when surgery is appropriate.

The appropriate treatment plan is determined after evaluation of the patient's cancer type, stage, pathology and overall clinical condition.





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