Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used diagnostic test that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp. It is primarily utilized to diagnose and characterise seizure disorders, as well as to evaluate unexplained confusion or baseline brain function following an injury.

Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS) are common tests that assess the electrical activity of muscles and the overall speed of signal transmission along peripheral nerves. These diagnostic tools are frequently used to evaluate and diagnose conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and other underlying nerve or muscle disorders

A lumbar puncture, commonly known as a spinal tap, is a procedure in which a specialized needle is carefully inserted into the lower spine to collect cerebrospinal fluid for detailed laboratory analysis. This technique is commonly used to diagnose central nervous system infections such as meningitis or to evaluate certain inflammatory conditions

In the field of neurology, botulinum toxin injections are utilized as a therapeutic intervention to treat chronic migraines, persistent muscle spasticity following a stroke, and certain movement disorders such as dystonia. The treatment works by temporarily blocking nerve signals to the targeted muscles.

Mechanical thrombectomy is a specialized interventional procedure used to treat acute ischaemic stroke caused by a large blood clot blocking a major artery in the brain. During the procedure, a catheter is guided through the blood vessels to physically remove the obstruction. Patient outcomes for this intervention are closely tied to how quickly the procedure is performed

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a rare, highly specialised surgical treatment mainly used for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor when standard medications no longer provide adequate symptom control. The procedure involves implanting electrodes into specific areas of the brain and connecting them to a device that delivers controlled electrical impulses.

A nerve and muscle biopsy is a rarely performed diagnostic procedure involving the surgical removal of a small sample of nerve or muscle tissue. This test is primarily used to help diagnose peripheral neuropathy, inflammatory myopathies, or certain hereditary neuromuscular disorders when other diagnostic avenues remain inconclusive.